British officials must also take responsibility for claims made elsewhere in the EU if the person can demonstrate they have close family members living legally in the UK.
Electronic fingerprinting means many who make it further into Europe will end up being sent back to Italy or Greece, where many first entered the EU.
UK politicians say under the Dublin rules, migrants in Calais should claim asylum in France if they need protection.
But many migrants say their life in France is "no good", and they hope for better opportunities in the UK.
Mr Bertrand does not have the power to change the treaty, but several of the candidates looking to win next year's French presidential election, including former French President Nicolas Sarkozy, support his idea that it be either reformed or annulled.
During a speech in Le Touquet this weekend Mr Sarkozy said: "Those who are here in Calais and who want to cross to England should be processed in England by the English."
The former president signed up to the treaty in 2003 as part of a deal to close a former migrant centre in Sangatte.
Sir Peter Ricketts, the former British ambassador to Paris, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme the proposals could make France more of a "magnet" for refugees trying to get to Britain.
He said hundreds of thousands of migrants were arriving in Greece and Italy, and nowhere near that amount were in Calais.
"As soon as you suggested that, there would be a huge magnet pulling thousands and thousands more migrants into Calais to chance their arm, make an asylum claim, hope that they might get to the UK and good luck.
"So it wouldn't help the French deal with the problem of thousands of people in Calais... I think it would make it worse, almost certainly."
About 9,000 migrants are living in The Jungle camp in Calais
Charlie Elphicke, Conservative MP for Dover, agreed the treaty needed to be revised but said axing it altogether "would be a disaster for France and Britain".
"It would simply force the ferries and Tunnel to become border guards - meaning higher ticket prices and longer queues," he said.
Former chief inspector of borders John Vine said Britain would need to be confident that proper checks would be carried out.
"If border controls were removed back to the UK, then of course there would be more reliance on the French authorities in actually checking that people have the right travel documents, checking all the vehicles in northern France in a way that's now done jointly and also done with lots of British money," he said.
Earlier this month, local councils in the UK said they should be involved in assessing the needs of child migrants in Calais before they arrive in the UK.
About 4,000 lone children are claiming asylum in the UK, with their care and resettlement down to local authorities.
The Local Government Association said earlier involvement would make it easier for councils to help children settle.
Charlie Elphicke, Conservative MP for Dover, agreed the treaty needed to be revised but said axing it altogether "would be a disaster for France and Britain".
"It would simply force the ferries and Tunnel to become border guards - meaning higher ticket prices and longer queues," he said.
Former chief inspector of borders John Vine said Britain would need to be confident that proper checks would be carried out.
"If border controls were removed back to the UK, then of course there would be more reliance on the French authorities in actually checking that people have the right travel documents, checking all the vehicles in northern France in a way that's now done jointly and also done with lots of British money," he said.
Earlier this month, local councils in the UK said they should be involved in assessing the needs of child migrants in Calais before they arrive in the UK.
About 4,000 lone children are claiming asylum in the UK, with their care and resettlement down to local authorities.
The Local Government Association said earlier involvement would make it easier for councils to help children settle.
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